A Tale of Two Simons

Longtime Mooresville resident, renowned painter and Indiana State Banner designer Paul Hadley painted a watercolor rendering of Simon Moon's cabin, which now hangs along with other Paul Hadley paintings at Mooresville (Indiana) Public Library.

"Simon Moon's Cabin," by Paul Hadley

(click photos to enlarge)

 

It should be a simple matter to learn more about Simon Moon, whose cabin was commemorated in Hadley's watercolor.  But you'll find a convoluted historical trail that has confused researchers for decades.  That's because there were TWO Simon Moons associated with our local and regional history.

Simon Moon (1786-1879) was a Quaker (Society of Friends) who, during the 1830's, settled land in Morgan County, Indiana (first in Gregg Township, then in Brown Township). He lived near Long Ridge, a few miles southwest of Mooresville.  "Our" Simon Moon (let's call him the "Bethel" Simon Moon for sake of comparison) is often mistaken for a relative, also named Simon Moon (1784-1835), who, on May 6, 1834, founded the town (now city) of Westfield, Indiana (in Hamilton County, north of Indianapolis), along with fellow Friends Asa Bales (Mooresville's first postmaster in 1826) and Ambrose Osborne.  All had relocated to Indiana from North Carolina.  We know that the "Westfield" Simon Moon was married to Hannah (Stout) Moon (1789-1844), and both are buried in the Old Friends Cemetery Park in Westfield, while the "Bethel" Simon Moon and his wife, Lydia Moon, are both buried in the Bethel Friends cemetery (see grave markers).  This has confused historians for many years, since the "Westfield" Simon Moon had once lived with Asa Bales in Mooresville before moving to Hamilton County.

Confusing one Simon with another was not uncommon in the 19th century.  Quakers habitually named offspring with identical Biblical names, so within an extended family tree, there could be many Daniels, Simons, Sauls, etc., all with the same surname and, perhaps, no distinguishing middle names.  Muddying the waters further was a Quaker practice (common during the early 19th century and earlier) of not marking grave sites with named headstones.

Both Simons knew each other.  It was a smaller world back then.  Many of these settlers met one another at religious gatherings or in the ordinary course of social visits or business.  These regular (sometimes everyday) interactions mix-up the historical records when one is searching for a particular person, only to discover another individual with an identical moniker who frequented the same geographical areas.

How can we sort out the two Simons?  Thankfully, Richard L. Moon, the "Bethel" Simon's fourth great-grandson, has written a short book explaining the differences between him (i.e., the "Bethel" Simon) and the "Westfield" Simon.  Richard's book presents the evidence persuasively and compellingly, showing land ownership, deeds, maps, Friends meeting records, family trees, and other documentation that clearly indicate two separate individuals who happened to share the same name.

 

Click image (above) to read a digital

copy of Richard L. Moon's book

(in PDF format)

 

Besides being available (free-of-charge) as a digital (PDF) book that you may access online, a printed copy of the book may be checked-out from Mooresville Public Library's Evergreen Indiana (E.I.) catalog, if you have an E.I. library card.

Simon Moon's Cabin (Following Paul Hadley's Footsteps)

In July and August, 2014 my little band of local history explorers embarked upon another adventure following in the footsteps of Paul Hadley (1880-1971), designer of the Indiana State Flag, artist, teacher, curator, and longtime Mooresville, Indiana resident.  It was really hot, humid, and, periodically, raining.  That slowed us a bit but didn't stop us.

At either Hadley's 1931 or 1924 art exhibitions at Herron Art Institute in Indianapolis, at which he taught during the period, Hadley's watercolor, "Simon Moon's Cabin," was displayed.  It was donated to Mooresville Public Library, where it hangs today in its Paul Hadley gallery.

"Simon Moon's Cabin," by Paul Hadley

(click photos to enlarge)

Here's a clearer image of the painting (borrowed from page 28 of this magazine article: Perry, Rachel Berenson. "Paul Hadley: Artist and Designer of the Indiana Flag." Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History 15(1) [Indiana Historical Society, Winter 2003]), pp. 20-29 (click here to find links to the full article.)

(Image courtesy of the Indiana Historical Society)

Since Hadley did not drive motor vehicles, his friends drove him around to various places where he could paint landscapes and structures.  Carl Harris, whose estate donated this (and another) Hadley painting to MPL, was one of Hadley's neighborly "chauffeurs."

Simon Moon (1786-1879) was a Quaker (Society of Friends) who, during the 1830's, settled land in Morgan County, Indiana (first in Gregg Township, then in Brown Township). He lived near Long Ridge, a few miles southwest of Mooresville.  "Our" Simon Moon (call him the "Bethel" Simon Moon) is often mistaken for a relative, also named Simon Moon (1784-1835), who, on May 6, 1834, founded the town (now city) of Westfield, Indiana (in Hamilton County, north of Indianapolis), along with fellow Friends Asa Bales (Mooresville's first postmaster in 1826) and Ambrose Osborne.  All had relocated to Indiana from North Carolina.  We know that the "Westfield" Simon Moon was married to Hannah (Stout) Moon (1789-1844), and both are buried in the Old Friends Cemetery Park in Westfield, while the "Bethel" Simon Moon and his wife, Lydia Moon, are both buried in the Bethel Friends cemetery (see grave markers below).  This has confused historians for many years, since the "Westfield" Simon Moon had once lived with Asa Bales in Mooresville before moving to Hamilton County.

 

The "Bethel" Simon Moon's fourth great-grandson, Richard L. Moon, has written a short book explaining the differences between him (i.e., the "Bethel" Simon Moon) and the "Westfield" Simon Moon.  Richard's book presents the evidence persuasively and compellingly, showing land ownership, deeds, maps, Friends meeting records, family trees, and other documentation that clearly indicate two separate individuals who happened to share the same name.

Inset showing "S. Moon's" land immediately

west of the Bethel Friends church

(from W.W. Richie's 1875 Map of Morgan County, Indiana)

(courtesy of the Library of Congress)

Simon Moon's cabin sat atop a hill immediately west of the Bethel Friends Meeting, founded in 1842.  The church and cemetery are still located there. Simon Moon, along with his wife, Lydia Harvey Moon (1798-1878), daughter Elmima Moon Lindley (1827-1859), and other family (daughter-in-law, grandchild), are buried in the back row of Bethel Cemetery. Most of the Moon's children, however, are buried in other Morgan County cemeteries.  Simon and Lydia share the same grave stone.

 Bethel Friends Meeting & Cemetery

(a few miles southwest of Mooresville)

Greenwood Public Library's Technical Services Director, Janet Buckley,

and "Flat" Cauli Le Chat posing at Bethel Friends Meeting

Simon Moon's grave marker (August, 2014)
on the back of Lydia Moon's grave stone

Close-up of Lydia Moon's grave marker (July 2014)
(Simon's is on the other side)

The Moon burial plots sit along an ancient fence row at the back of the cemetery, all hidden beneath weeds and brush, and we were unable to reach all of them.

Elmima Moon Lindley's grave marker (July 2014)

But let's get back to Paul Hadley's painting of Simon Moon's cabin. Looking west of the church beyond the old section of the cemetery, which rests behind the building, there stands heavy underbrush and woods.  From this vantage you can't really see the hill upon which Simon Moon's cabin once stood.

Looking west toward the Bethel Friends Meeting & Cemetery

(note heavy brush & woods behind)

Here's where Richie's 1875 map really helps us orient the Moon land and cabin, which is clearly marked almost due west of the Bethel Friends church.

Cabin location indicated on Simon Moon's land

(red line orients cabin with Bethel Friends church)

(note crook in road as shown in Hadley's painting)

(from W.W. Richie's 1875 Map of Morgan County, Indiana)

(courtesy of the Library of Congress)

Modern aerial photos place the cabin along North Bunker Hill Road.  The street view from 2013 shows the hill upon which Simon Moon's cabin once stood, although Paul Hadley was standing further away (and downhill) when he painted his watercolor.

Aerial view orienting Simon Moon's cabin

with the Bethel Friends Meeting

(image courtesy of Google Maps, 2016)

 Close-up of aerial view (above)
(image courtesy of Google Maps, 2016)

Location of Simon Moon's cabin
(photo by Steve Saucerman, March, 2016)
(note slight swale in front of hill, as shown
in Paul Hadley's painting)

Google street view from N. Bunker Hill Road

(looking South) also shows knoll

upon which Simon Moon's cabin once stood

(courtesy of Google Maps, Sept. 2013)

Paul Hadley's painting (again)

Simon Moon's cabin was torn down well over half a century ago.  In her history of the Bethel Friends Meeting (1958), Dela Lindley stated:

• "Simon Moon was one of the outstanding Quakers in his day, being a farmer, tanner, shoe cobbler, herb doctor, and was believed by some to be a conductor for the 'Underground Railroad.'"

"When the cabin was destroyed," wrote longtime Morgan County historian Becky Hardin, "Mrs. Lindley said there were two closed spaces [that] were discovered on either side of the fireplace large enough to hold two people. The only entrance was from the attic.  It is thought this may have been a place to hide runaway slaves, or as they were described, at that time, 'Men of Color.'"  [Hardin, Becky, The Indiana State Flag: Its Designer (Biography of Paul Hadley with Anthology of his Paintings), p. 15 (1976). Click here to find links to read a digital copy of this fine biography.]

When you're next visiting the Library, take a look at this and all of the other Paul Hadley paintings.  History in watercolor.

2016 Update:  Many thanks to MPL trustee Steve Saucerman for determining the location of Simon Moon's cabin based upon a comparative analysis of modern topographical maps and Richie's 1875 map.  Here's a photo of Steve on the MPL Carnegie Library's last day (January 1988).

Steve Saucerman (left) checked out items on MPL Carnegie's last day

(January, 1988), assisted by MPL Director Pat Vahey (middle)

and MPL Staffer Theresa Lucas (right)

In the Painter's Shoes (Paul Hadley Paintings), Part Five

Paul Hadley, artist, teacher, and designer of the Indiana State Flag, portrayed a dairy barn in watercolor that was near the birthplace of his father, Dr. Evan Hadley.  Where was the barn located?

Dairy Barn & Silo,

by Paul Hadley

(Click images to enlarge)

Dr. Evan Hadley's abbreviated family tree

(courtesy of Ancestry Library Edition)

In 1845 Dr. Evan Hadley, father of Paul Hadley, was born on a farm southwest of Mooresville, Indiana on Bethel Road.  We know from W.W. Richie's 1875 Map of Morgan County, Indiana, that an "E. Hadley" is indicated owning land east of Bethel Road, just south of today's East Crosby Road.  This was not too far from the Bethel Friends Meeting, due west of which Simon Moon's cabin, another of Paul Hadley's paintings, was situated.

Inset showing "E. Hadley's" land along Bethel Road

and immediately south of today's East Crosby Road

(from W.W. Richie's 1875 Map of Morgan County, Indiana)

(courtesy of the Library of Congress)

 Modern location of Evan Hadley's birthplace

on Bethel Road just south of East Crosby Road

(courtesy of Google Maps, 2016)

(Note Bethel Friends church in lower left-hand corner)

The barn that Paul Hadley committed to watercolors is situated a short distance north of his father's birthplace, on the east side of Bethel Road, not too far south of the intersection of Bethel Road and State Road 42.  Paul portrayed the barn from the side furthest from the road (i.e., the back), where a grain silo stood.

Aerial view of barn portrayed by Paul Hadley 

(courtesy of Google Maps, 2016)

 Closer aerial view of barn portrayed by Paul Hadley

(note silo on back near barn's roof peak)

(courtesy of Google Maps, 2016)

Street view of barn portrayed by Paul Hadley

(as seen from Bethel Road)

(courtesy of Google Maps, October 2013)

Street view of barn portrayed by Paul Hadley

(as seen from Bethel Road)

(courtesy of Google Maps, October 2013)

Unfortunately, we could not get closer to photograph the barn without intruding upon the current landowner's property, although one of the library's board members, who is frankly braver than we are, is going to make the attempt.

The roof pitch appears steeper in Paul Hadley's painting than in the Google Maps images above, but this is likely due to distortions in the panoramic photographic process used to take "street views" for Google's earth maps.

In our next installment, we puzzle over the possible location of another Paul Hadley landscape painting, which was untitled (or his title has been forgotten).